Let me start with, wow those are some great questions! Questions like that tell me a lot about you and your thinking, that is great!
The issue with Asatru is that if you ask a question you will get 10 different responses, sometimes from the same person.
There are a lot of great web sites out there but I must say that one of my favorites is WNW.runstone.org it is the home of the Asatru Folk Assembly. They are a great bunch of people that will help you down the path, only as much as you want.
So, on we go with my opinions
1. Is Asatru about family?
Absolutely! I have 2 children of my own 5 and 8. I give them the option of joining in our Blots and Sumbels. I often read to them at night before bed, book about the lore. There are several out there that are great and aimed at various age groups. The best way to get your children involved without pushing them is to just live Asatru as a part of your life, as a part of your culture as opposed to your religion, as our ancestors did. Now in my family it is difficult because my wife is not Asatru, so the kids don't get that from her only from me. They seem to want to do it of their own free will (very important) not because I want them to do it.
2. I believe that the Gods and Goddesses are real living beings. I think that universalism who want to practice Wicca-tru or shaman-true came up with that idea so that they can justify taking only the parts of various religions they like without having to be restricted by the laws and rules of any one, or my Christians trying to explain our ways in such that they can be easily dismissed as "Folk Lore" instead of religious myths and a cultural life style. (Again just my opinion)
3. In the Norse and Germanic cultures, according anthropological and archeological evidence, male and female were equals. Both could hold land both could speak law and both had power. Now there was a separation of sorts, however, no one was high that the other. The seer in Sather was no more important that the Gothi, who was no more important that the Githia. The myths that surround the Norse and Germanic peoples are primarily thanks to Hollywood and not a reality.
4. The nine noble virtues were "Invented" or "Created" sometime in the 1960's there are not going to be found neither in the Eddas nor in any other lore. It was a group of men and women that got together studied the lore and came out with these. The reasons are many as to why, but one reason is that Asatru is a organic evolving religion, things like the virtues need to be written to give a guideline in the modern world for people to follow, they are not law, like the 10 commandments, they are a guideline of how we as Heathens should live our lives, and what we should strive to do.
5. Six fold path, see above
I hope that was a help. Check out that web site I mentioned and if you have questions that you need to ask Steve McNallan the Founder of the AFA is also one of the founding fathers of Asatru in America. He is a great resource of unbelievable information.
Hail to you on your path!
Bill