Baptist
Methodist
Lutheran
Calvinist
Presbyterian
Pentecostal Apostolic
Unity
Mormon - though radically different from mainstream
Jehovah Witnesses
Catholic
just to name a few
much too many. essentially there are three streams of denominations. Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Protestant. From there we more into things like Baptist,Mennonite,Penecostalism, etc, etc...there are many thousand denominations in the protestant section alone so that would take me a while to write.
orthodox catholic, Greek orthodox, Methodist, Lutheran, seventh day Adventist, Mormon, episcopal, Presbyterian, gnostic, charismatic, Unitarian, I'm sorry, i can't remember what the the real name for the Amish faith is, Calvinist, just to name a few
Two very different things there. Christians are those who follow Jesus Christ and his teachings as spelled out in the bible. He began a church.
Today there a way way too many "churches" that truly have nothing to do with Jesus and his message. They have gotten so far away from the bible that they become institutions that bind people to their rules and regulations that are always changing and take your money to fill the pockets of those who already have plenty.
The true Christians and the deceivers.
Those who distort the truth and do not accept and follow the Bible are the deceivers. Those who do not love are not Christians. To be a Christian meas to be Christ-like. The is only one Jesus Christ therefore there is only one group of real Christians.
Some of the oldest ones are the Greek Orthodox, the Russian Orthodox, the Coptic church. The protestant churches are more recent but there are many denominations. What you should probably do is get a basic book on church history. Many of the denominational splits came about because of some problems, usually sin or other serious problems being taken too lightly by the ones in charge of a congregation (or group of congregations). The ones who split away intended to correct the situation or bring the church back to it's original purity. A book on church history like this will help you to understand what is most important and distinctive about each church or denomination.
I saw a book that was pretty good on the topic, and I can't quite remember the title. It was something like the 100 most important events in church history. It went back to the very early days of the church and was really interesting. Each section was presented as a short article. So it was like a series of summaries which I think would be really helpful for you. Try searching for it, and I hope you can find it. I wish I still had the book, but it was borrowed.