|
The year is 550 B.C. China is at war. The violence is terrible. Some battles have up to 400,000 victims. To put this in perspective, about 57,000 American soldiers died in the entire Vietnam War. They killed everybody, men, women, children, and old people. They did horrible things to the victims, like cutting them up and making them into soup. They they made their relatives eat it. Nasty. Really nasty. A man named Kung Fu Tzu, we pronounce his name Confucius in English, lived at that time along with Socrates, Buddha, and Plato. He hated all this violence and started to speak out about it. He'd go around arguing for human rights, saying all the bloodshed should end. He was huge. Everybody thought he was brilliant. He became world-famous for his wisdom. Mostly, he passed on what he learned from his father and grandfathers, be nice. His report card would have read "works well with others." The funny thing about Confucius is that he never intended to start a new religion. He just wanted to make the world a better place. But now he's considered a god, and Confucianism is the official philosophy of China.
Confucianists believe that there's hope for humans if they would just be nice to each other again. They think our nature is basically good. If we do bad things, it's only because something outside of us made us do them. Knowledge can keep us on the path of doing good, and we learn things by studying the ancients. They believe that we live in a society influenced by a never-ending process of change. This is called the yin and yang. Yin and yang stand for the energy forces of good and bad that control our world. As long as we follow the forces of positive change, we're all right. Change is easy; you've just got to look for it. Once you find it, it will take care of itself. Basic ethics: Be polite; love your family; be righteous; be honest; be kind toward others; be loyal to the state. Their worldview is atheistic. Confucianism is all about life here on earth. Confucius believed in heaven, but it is not an important part of religion. Heaven is real but the focus of the religion is earthly.
|