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Catholics and all other denominations use the Julian church calendar. Eastern Orthodox uses the Gregorian. I hope I got the names right. Orthodox Christmases and Easters fall about a month later than everyone Else's for that reason. Eastern Orthodox deals more with icons, depictions of the saints, and images. They do a lot of chanting.
The Vatican was located in Constantinople at first. Later on it was moved to Rome. Some Catholics refused to accept the Roman Pope. They had two popes at the same time at one point, one in Rome and one in Constantinople. They split and formed the Eastern Orthodox Church. There are a couple of types that I know of: Greek, Russian, and Moravian Orthodox churches. The head of the Russian Orthodox Church is called the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. Patriarch Kirill is the current one.
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