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The Orthodox Church began with the first Pentecost, in...I think...33 A.D. .
There were five EQUAL capitals of Christianity for a long time. Rome was one of them, and eventually became the Roman Catholic Church.
There are many, many holidays in the Othodox tradition. So many that no one parish can celebrate all of them, as many of them are more important for one ethnic group than for another.
For example: The Greek Church may celebrate on dates for Greek saints, while the Russian Church tends to celebrate dates of Russian saints.
There's nothing wrong with this. We still recognize and respect all saints regardless of ethnicity.
The major holidays are celebrated by all Orthodox Churches, as does the Roman Church.
The most important is Holy Pascha---which in English is called Easter.
Here is a list of holidays which I shamelessly copied from a Greek Orthodox website.
Nativity of the Theotokos..............................September
Exaltation of the Holy Cross...........................September
Presentation of the Theotokos in the Temple.....November
Christmas (Nativity of Jesus Christ).................December
Epiphany (Baptism of Christ)..........................January
Presentation of Christ in the Temple................February
Annunciation (Evangelismos)..........................March
EASTER (Pascha)........................................(V aries from year to year)
Ascension......................................... .........(40 Days after Easter)
Pentecost......................................... .........(50 Days after Easter)
Transfiguration of Christ................................August
Dormition of the Theotokos (Kimissis)...............August
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