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Gnosticism
Gnosticism is, depending upon ones point of view, either an alternative type of Christianity, true Christianity, a generic term for Pagan mystery religions contemporary with the beginnings of Christianity, or a precursor to the Western World's major religions.
Lewis Spence, in The Encyclopedia of the Occult, defined Gnosticism as "an admixture of Indian, Egyptian, Babylonian, and Christian creeds, astrology and magic, with much of the Jewish Kabbalah also."
Gnosis
The term "Gnostic" is derived from the Greek nosies, which is knowledge or, as a verb, to know. Basically, Gnostics believe that one must know God, must actually experience God, rather than simply theorize about God, or good, or evil. To use a simple analogy, a Gnostic might say that the difference between experiencing God directly, as opposed to learning about God through religious teachings, is similar to the difference between actually sitting in ones living room experiencing an earthquake, as opposed to sitting in ones living room reading about an earthquake.
Islamic Gnosticism
Gnostics were also persecuted by Muslims, notably in Persia. According to Lewis Spence, some Gnostic's converted to Islam and became Dervishes, i.e., Sufis. This explains why Idries Shah, in writing about the history of the Sufis, states that a Sufi is not necessarily Islamic in his beliefs, and that Sufism existed before either Islam or Christianity.
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