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In the broadest sense, Gnosticism is a form of Christianity.
Gnostics accept the plurality of the Hebrew word "Elohim" at face value: Jahweh is just one of a race of Gods. In Gnosticism, Jahweh was rebellious and cruel, so they banished him into an alternate dimension and erased his memories.
Within that dimension, Jahweh created what became our universe. However, all life has at its core a perfect divine spark, derived ultimately from the Elohim. As Jahweh carried out malevolent acts upon his creations, the Elohim pitied us as their own children, and so sent one of their number to incarnate among us, to provide a means for Jahweh's creations to reconnect with their pure source and escape his tyranny.
In Gnosticism, that Elohim incarnate was Jesus, who is NOT the son of Jahweh, but rather of the Elohim.
Jesus is still seen as a savior, but Gnostics obviously have a wide variety of beliefs at odds with mainstream Christianity.
A number of the documents among the Dead Sea scrolls seem to have Gnostic influences, and indicate that early forms of Gnosticism may have sprung up as early as the 1st century AD, which is at least as old as the written Gospels.
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