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Jainism (pronounced in English as /DE.n?zm?/), traditionally known as Jain Dharma (A A), is a religion and philosophy originating in the prehistory of South Asia. Now a minority in modern India with growing communities in the United States, Western Europe, Africa, the Far East and elsewhere, Jains have continued to sustain the ancient Shraman (S's) or ascetic tradition.
Pre-Kushana Ayagapatta from MathuraJainism has significantly influenced the religious, ethical, political and economic spheres in India for about three millennia. Jainism stresses the spiritual independence and equality of all life with a particular emphasis on non-violence. Self-control (????, vrata) is the means by which Jains attain moksha, Keval Gnan, or realization of the soul's true nature.
A lay Jain is termed a shravak (??????) i.e. a listener. The Jain Sangha (???), or order, has four components: monks (????), nuns (sadhvi), lay men (??????) and lay women (shravika).
The Nine Tattvas (Principals) are:
Jiva - Soul or living being (Consciousness)
Ajiva - Non-living substances
Asrava - Cause of the influx of karma
Bandha - Bondage of karma
Punya - Virtue
Papa - Sin
Samvara - Stoppage or arrest of the influx of karma
Nirjara - Exhaustion of the accumulated karma
Moksha - Total liberation from karma
The Six Universal Substances are:
Soul or Consciousness - Jiva - Living substance
Matter - Pudgala - Nonliving substance
Medium of motion - Dharma - Nonliving substance
Medium of rest - Adharma - Nonliving substance
Space - Akasa - Nonliving substance
Time - Kal or Samay - Nonliving substance
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Can anyone tell me wht the 9 tattvas of jainism are????
