Mosaic Judaism started at Mount Jabal AL Lawz (the real Mt. Sinai) in Saudia Arabia, approximately 1500 BC.
If you trace it back to it's Abrahamic roots, that would be In the land of UR about 2000 BC (the site of modern Tell El-Mukayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate).
So would everyone. There's no actual record, just the writings of Jews in exile in Babylon around 600BC (that's about ween and where the OT was written). Most of it was just made up, there's not much actual history. (The Exodus never happened, there was never a large number of Jewish slaves in Egypt, they Jews didn't conquer the Canaanites, they WERE the Canaanites, etc., etc.) The stories about Abraham were pure fiction. No one kept accurate records for that long in those days - especially not a people in exile.
We don't know exact date but the history of Jews started from Abraham who is called to be ancestor of Jews.Later, Issac and Jacob are the main ancestor. But Judaism case, while the Jews were in the wilderness, escaping from Eygipt, the leader Moses got Testament in the mount of Sinai. Thereafter, they follow the Law. So are the Judas. It's my opinion.
It began in the Judean hills after the fall of the Northern kingdom in 722 BCE. It was substantially modified by the reforms of King Josiah, but did not achieve its final form until the end of the Babylonian exile.
Abraham age 75, Gen.12:4; year 2083, Gen.15:13,16,18, to generation
4 heirs, 400 years after Isaac is age 5, and Ishmael age 19, is departed
and Isaac is heir 30 years after year 2083 + 430 year Exo.7:7; 12:37,40,
41. Heirs get the law that leads to Christ Jesus. Gal.3:16-26. Yr 2513 to
year 2553, Moses dies, Deut.34:7, Joshua in 14Th day New Year, Josh,
5:6,10,12; Year 2554. Judges to Jair, Judges 11:26, 300 years[ 341 yrs
from Exodus], yr 2854.
Acts 13:20,21; 450 years, year 2963 from Exodus to Samuel age 80[109
years after Judge Jair]; Saul has 26 years, David has 40 years and at yr
4, 1Ki.6:1, Solomon is 480 years after Moses death, 520 years after the
Exodus.
1Chr.2:9-15[ Priestline, 1Chr.6:1-15, down to Solomon]:
The king line, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Judah, Pharez, Hezron[ Ruth 4:18-
22, the family of David[as from Judah the 4th son of Jacob/Israel comes
the Jews and land of Judah and Judaism], Ram, Amminadab, Nashon[Aaron
married his sister], Salmon, his relative down the line Naomi in the book of
Ruth, Boaz down the line from Salmon married Ruth and had Obed, he had
Jesse the father of David, 1Chr.3:9-17. Matt.1:1-17;
Judaism started in Judea.the term Judaism basically refers to the Entity of the Tribe of Judah.(Judah is one of the twelve sons of Prophet Jacob(PBUH)).Prophet Jacob(PBUH) became Israel after he wrestled with God??? he was the grandson of Prophet Abraham(PBUH) by his son Prophet Isaac(PBUH).actually,Judaism is not a religion because Israelites(Children of Israel) followed Mosaic Laws.Prophet Moses(PBUH) was a Levite,descended from Levi,another son of Prophet Israel(Jacob).
Judaism began when Avram left his father's house and crossed over. Bereishit - Genesis - Chapter 12
Chapter 12
1. And the Lord said to Abram, "Go forth from your land and from your birthplace and from your father's house, to the land that I will show you.
Our forefathers Abraham SchicCAD Markov accepted the bible through prophecy from g-d and therefore kept it and its laws. later on after the Jews left the horrors of Egypt they came to mount Sinai and there accepted it.