Hazrat Abdullah bin Mas`ID (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah [S.A.W.W]((P.B.U.H) said, "When the Children of Israel became sinful, their learned men prohibited them but they would not turn back. Yet, the learned men associated with them and ate and drank with them. So, they were cursed at the tongues of Dawud and `Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), because they were disobedient and were given to transgression.'' At this stage Messenger of Allah [S.A.W.W]((P.B.U.H) who was reclining on a pillow sat up and said, "No, By Him in Whose Hand my soul is, there is no escape for you but you persuade them to act justly.''
[At-Tirmidhi].
Does this or a similar story exist in Torah or Talmud?
Jews didn't recognize Jesus messiah status so if records existed they wouldn't be favorable but i wouldn't use the Koran as a basis to learn about Jesus. Try read the bible, its all about his coming, his stay and his coming back.
Torah records events that are believed to have occurred roughly 500 (and more) years before the time of David. Torah records nothing about David cursing anyone. Torah records nothing about Jesus cursing anyone. Neither David nor Jesus are mentioned by name in Torah.
In the Bible, David is not described cursing anyone except, I believe, for Goliath and Joab. He is never recorded cursing or condemning the people of Israel as a whole for "being sinful".
Jesus is recorded in the Bible condemning (not really cursing) **some** (NOT all) of the Jewish leaders of his day - that is, a very specific group, the scribes and Pharisees (not the Sadducees or Essenes, for example).
I have not read Talmud, but I am fairly certain that Jesus is not mentioned by name in Talmud. I know that David is mentioned, but I have never heard of a case where he cursed or condemned the people of Israel for their sinful behavior (David being a pretty sinful guy in his own right).
Very few people understand that Mohammed himself issued a fatwa against the Jews in the seventh century, and this is the root of it all. For those who think that Muslim hatred of the Jews only started in 1948 with the creation of Israel, or as a result of the so-called occupation after the 1967 war, I must remind them of the following fatwa. Mohammed said in his Eadith: "The Hour Resurrection will not take place until the Muslims fight the Jews, and kill them. And the Jews will hide behind the rock and tree, and the rock and tree will say: oh Muslim, oh servant of Allah, this is a Jew behind me, come and kill him!" (Sahih Bukhari 4:52:177)
The world must demand that this Eadith be taken out of Muslim scriptures and never be taught again to any Muslim child.