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Its probably more people thinking for themselves that was key. The intellectual developments like the printing press came due to a flowering of creativity.
People were used to being governed in a very authoritarian way. Their kings had much power. The established Roman catholic church (conformed partly to the world's thinking rather than the New Testament's) was thinking about itself to a degree in the same way, but was not as barbaric (well, the Eastern Mediterranean and Cathar crusades were barbaric).
All people were restricted in their thinking by the authorizing and 'might is right' notions of the time. As society got more developed, and people applied sound thinking to things such as law, government, philosophy and trade, this controlled thinking looked outmoded. It was clear that applying thinking to things made improvements.
So you started getting small protestant pockets where people following the same desire to examine things investigated the Bible's teachings and found the established church had badly sidetracked from the Bible's teaching in many areas.
The printing press was just a key element of the process of the ending of authoritarianism, making for the rapid spread of ideas. The real change was a wholesome desire to
investigate things that was influencing European society.
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