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It is determined by nation, according to cultural traditions.
In the U.S., we FAST on Ash Wednesday (today) and Good Friday. Because people have jobs, drive cars, etc., it is not a total fast. We are allowed the equivalent of two snacks and one small (humble) meal. If you don't have to work or go anywhere, you can always eat less.
We also ABSTAIN from meat every Friday during Lent. So, no beef, poultry, pork, wild game, broth or other items made with these things. Eggs and fish are okay, but the meals should be humble, not indulgent. So lobster Florentine, not so much, but a can of tuna is okay.
Throughout the whole 40 days, we also voluntarily give up bad habits (like swearing) or indulgences (like sweets or soda or beer) and try to acquire new good habits (like giving to the poor, volunteering at a soup kitchen, praying at abortion clinics, etc.)
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