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Sacred places are typically marked with a showmenWAspecial plaited rope) and gohei (strips of white paper). Placed at the entrances of holy places to ward off evil spirits, or placed around trees/objects to indicate presence of kami. Made of rice straw or hemp, the rope is called nawa. The pieces of white paper that are cut into strips and hung from these ropes (often hung from ropes on Torii gates as well) are called shime or gohei; they symbolize purity in the Shinto faith.
Shimenawa mark the boundary between the sacred and the profane, keeping out impurities and purifying the space within.
The shimenawa in your photograph indicates the presence of a kodama, or tree spirit. Cutting down a tree which houses a kodama is thought to bring misfortune, so these trees are often marked with a shimenawa.
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